Perbandingan Pola Resistensi MRSA Isolat Hospital-acquired Dan Community Acquired Di Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Research comparing the resistance patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between isolates obtained from hospital environments (HA-MRSA) and communities (CA-MRSA) is important given the high disease burden and variation in resistance profiles between locations in Asia and Indonesia. This literature review aims to summarize evidence on differences in antibiotic susceptibility profiles between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA in Indonesia and their implications for empirical therapy choices and antibiotic use policy strategies.

Method: This literature review was conducted using a structured search strategy on the academic search engine Google Scholar. The search was conducted for articles published in the last five to ten years. Keywords were used in combination to narrow down and target relevant literature, including: “Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,” “HA-MRSA,” “CA-MRSA,” “antibiotic resistance,” and “Indonesia.”

Discussion: HA-MRSA generally maintains high sensitivity to reserve antibiotics such as vancomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline, although there have been sporadic reports of resistance to vancomycin. In contrast, CA-MRSA exhibits massive resistance to the ?-lactam class and a significant proportion of multidrug resistance. Biological mechanisms such as biofilm formation and differing selective pressures between environments contribute to these differing patterns.

Conclusion: HA-MRSA tends to maintain sensitivity to “reserve” antibiotics (vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline), while CA-MRSA shows deep resistance to the ?-lactam class and multidrug resistance to various classes of antibiotics.

Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA), community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA), antibiotic resistance, Indonesia