Phytochemical Analysis of Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L.) Using 70% Ethanol Solvent

Abstract

Background: Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) are a medicinal plant containing various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, which play a role in biological activities, including antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical analysis is necessary to identify the active compounds extracted by specific solvents. 70% ethanol was chosen because it effectively dissolves both polar and semipolar compounds.

Methods: This study used a qualitative method by extracting dried papaya leaves through maceration with 70% ethanol. The resulting extract was then phytochemically tested using specific reagents to identify compounds such as alkaloids (Mayer and Wagner), flavonoids (Mg-HCl test), tannins (FeCl?), saponins (foam test), and steroids and terpenoids (Liebermann–Burchard). Results: The test results showed that the 70% ethanol extract of papaya leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, while steroids were not detected.

Discussion: The phytochemical content found in papaya leaves contributes to their potential bioactivity, particularly as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Ethanol 70% has been shown to be effective in extracting active compounds due to its semipolar nature.

Conclusion: The ethanol extract of 70% papaya leaves contains various important phytochemical compounds that support its potential as a natural source for the development of herbal medicines and health products.