Clinical Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek General Hospital, Bandar Lampung, During the Period of January–December 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v12i2.986Keywords:
AIDS, gejala klinis, HIV, infeksi oportunistik, stadium klinisAbstract
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health problem with a high disease burden, including in Indonesia. The clinical manifestations of HIV vary from mild to severe symptoms and serve as important indicators for determining the stage of the disease and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed to describe the types, frequency, and distribution of clinical symptoms among HIV patients at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek General Hospital, Bandar Lampung, during the period of January–December 2024.
Method: This research was a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained from the medical records of all outpatient and inpatient HIV patients throughout 2024 using a total sampling technique. Descriptive analysis was performed to present patient characteristics and the distribution of the number and types of clinical symptoms, displayed in tables and percentages.
Results: The findings showed that HIV patients at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek General Hospital experienced between one and four clinical symptoms, while a small proportion were asymptomatic. The most frequently observed symptoms were pulmonary tuberculosis, followed by extrapulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and seborrheic dermatitis.
Discussion: These results indicate that opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis remain the main clinical manifestations among HIV patients, consistent with previous studies conducted in developing countries.
Conclusion: This study describes the clinical symptoms experienced by HIV patients at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek General Hospital, Bandar Lampung, during January–December 2024, including both outpatient and inpatient cases. It also highlights the variation in the number of clinical symptoms, ranging from one to four. The study is limited by its descriptive design and use of secondary medical record data, which could not assess the relationship between clinical symptoms, immunological status, and antiretroviral therapy adherence.
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