IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI: UNCOVERING THE ROLE OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v10i3.765Keywords:
Antibacterial; Escherichia coli; Inhibitory effect; Phytochemical screening; Psidium guava L extractsAbstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent among women and are commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Although antibiotics are effective, their misuse contributes to rising antimicrobial resistance. Psidium guajava L., a traditional Indonesian medicinal plant, has shown promise as an alternative antibacterial agent. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of P. guajava leaf extract against E. coli. Methods: Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method with E. coli ATCC 25922. Ethanolic extracts were obtained by maceration. Six treatment groups, including various concentrations of levofloxacin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were tested to compare antibacterial effects. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins—compounds known for their antimicrobial activity. Inhibition zone diameters were measured and analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA. Discussion: The guava leaf extract demonstrated inhibitory activity against E. coli, likely due to its bioactive compounds. These constituents may exert antibacterial effects through disruption of nucleic acid synthesis, interference with membrane integrity, inhibition of energy metabolism, and prevention of biofilm formation. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaves exhibits significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
References
1. IAUI (Ikatan Ahli Urologi Indonesia), 2015. Guideline penatalaksanaan infeksi saluran kemih dan genitalia pria 2015. Ikatan Ahli Urologi Indonesia, pp.22–28.
2. Riedel, S., Morse, S., Mietzner, T. & Miller, S., 2019. Jawetz Melnick & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 28th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
3. WHO, 2021. Antibiotic resistance. online World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance Accessed 30 Apr. 2025.
4. PERMENKES, 2011. Pedoman umum penggunaan antibiotik. Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia. Available at: http://iai.id/library/pelayanan/permenkes-no-2406-thn-2016-ttg-pedoman-umum-penggunaan-antibiotik Accessed 30 Apr. 2025.
5. Pormohammad, A., Nasiri, M.J. & Azimi, T., 2019. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains simultaneously isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dovepress, pp.1,181.
6. Siregar, D.S., 2019. Gambaran berkumur rebusan daun jambu biji terhadap infeksi plak pada siswa Negeri 3 Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Medan: Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Medan, Jurusan Keperawatan Gigi.
7. Xie, Y., Yang, W., Tang, F., Chen, X. & Ren, L., 2015. Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.2174/092986732166614091611344
8. Handarni, D., Putri, S. & Tensiska, T., 2020. Skrining kualitatif fitokimia senyawa antibakteri pada ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.). Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem, 8(2), pp.182–188. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkptb.2020.008.02.08
9. Dewangga, V.S. & Nirwana, A.P., 2019. Uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Jurnal Ilmiah, May, pp.50–56.
10. Gurrapu, S. & Mamidala, E., 2017. In vitro antibacterial activity of alkaloids isolated from leaves of Eclipta alba against human pathogenic bacteria. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 9(4), pp.573–577.
11. Devi, R.B., Barkath, T.N., Vijayaraghavan, P. & Rejiniemon, T.S., 2018. GC-MS analysis of phytochemical from Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract and their in vitro antimicrobial activities. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 8(1), pp.583–589.
12. Choudhury, S., Sharan, L. & Sinha, M.P., 2012. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts against clinically important gastrointestinal pathogens. Journal of Natural Products and Plant Resources, 2(4), pp.524–529.
13. Ashraf, A., Sarfraz, R.A., Rashid, M.A., Mahmood, A., Shahid, M. & Noor, N., 2016. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer and cytotoxic effects of Psidium guajava leaf extracts. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(10), pp.1971–1981. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2015.1137604
14. Katuuk, R.H.H. et al., 2019. Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Manado: Universitas Sam Ratulangi.
15. Aristyanti, D. et al., 2014. Pengaruh kadar kimia tanah terhadap kandungan flavonoid daun tabat barito (Ficus deltoidea Jack.). Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
16. Siswoyo, 1999. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) ke dalam beberapa media tumbuh terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan bahan bioaktif daun tabat barito (Ficus deltoidea Jack.) Thesis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
17. Kulsum, U. et al., 2019. Optimasi waktu maserasi dan jenis pelarut terhadap kadar flavonoid pada ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.). Jurnal Ilmiah, 2, pp.1–6
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.